Estimation of the sedimentation and mass accumulation rates in the aquatoria of “Cape Martyan” (the Black Sea, the Crimea) using dating of bottom sediments of Lake Krasnoe (the Crimea Perekopskaya Group)

by

N.Yu. Mirzoyeva1, 2

 1FSBIS «Institute of Marine Biological Research named after A.O. Kovalevsky RAS» (IMBR), Russian Federation, Sevastopol, Nakhimova Avenue, 2

2 FSBIS “Nikita Botanical Garden of Order of the Red Banner of Labor  – National Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (NBG-NSC), RF, Yalta, Nikita village, Nikitsky Botanical Garden

Е–mail: natmirz@mail.ru      

DOI: 10.33075/2220-5861-2018-4-75-82

UDC 550.47:628.19(262.5)

  Abstract:

 “Cape Martyan” is a protected water area of ​​ Crimea, but there are real environmental risks of its pollution. This is due to significant anthropogenic pressure on the territory adjacent to this natural park, with a small size of its marine part. The main negative anthropogenic impacts on the state of the natural complex are known to be rapid housing development of the adjacent coastal zone, littering, transport infrastructure development, discharge of untreated or poorly treated sewage into the water area as well as considerable recreational load in the summer period.

      It is known that elimination of pollutants of various kinds from the aquatic environment is provided by sedimentation processes of their deposition in the thickness of bottom sediments in the composition of biogenic and terrigenous suspended matter.

      The aim of this study was to determine the sedimentation and mass accumulation rates in the Black Sea water area, which is in close proximity to the marine part of the protected area of “Cape Martyan”, based on estimating the age of the bottom sediments using the 137Cs artificial radionuclide as a tracer.

      The possibility of application of the layer from a column of bottom sediments, corresponding to 2014 year as a reference point for geochronological studies of inland water reservoirs of Crimea and shelf areas of the Black Sea along Crimean coast was evidentiary justified on the example of dating of the bottom sediments of Lake Krasnoe (Crimea, Perekopskaya Group) with using 137Cs as a radio tracer. This justification is relevant for cases when the depth of the selected bottom sediment cores is insufficient to identify the “accident” and “bombing” peaks of the concentrations of artificial radionuclides (for example, as in the sediment column taken in the adjacent area to the “Cape Martyan” water area). With using this new reference point and 137Cs as a radio tracer for geochronological studies, dating of the columns of bottom sediments collected in the Black Sea offshore of the adjacent to the protected area of “Cape Martyan”was made. It was determined, that average rate of mass accumulation in the area of “Cape Martyan” is 6.7 mm/year, the sedimentation rate is 3343.8 g•m-2•year-1. The practical significance of the studies performed is that the calculated sedimentation rates, as factors of self-purification of the water column of the marine ecosystem, allow us to determine the incoming fluxes and the rate of deposition of both radioactive and conservative chemical pollutants into the bottom sediments of the Cape Martyan and adjacent areas of the Black Sea.

     Comparison of the chronological dating and sedimentation rate with the concentration of pollutants of various nature in the thickness of bottom sediments will restore the entire history of contamination of the Black Sea ecosystem under study, reveal the regularities of the reaction of the marine ecosystem of the “Cape Martyan” on different technogenic accidents, will help to predict the environmental consequences in case of possible accident situations.

      The results of the studies, both for the Lake Krasnoe and the water area close to the protected area “Cape Martyan” have been obtained and published for the first time.

Keywords:  the Black Sea, Protected area «Cape Martyan», Lake Krasnoe (the Crimea), bottom sediments, geochronology, 137Cs, mass accumulation rate, sedimentation rate.

Full text in PDF (RUS)

LIST OF REFERENCES

  1. Marine protected areas of the Crimea. Scientific reference book / N. A. Milchakova, V. V. Aleksandrov, L. V. Bondareva [et al.] / ed.by N. A. Milchakova. Simferopol: N. Orianda, 2015. P. 312.
  2. WCPA/IUCN. Establishing networks of marine protected areas: a guiade for developing national and regional capacity for building MPA networks: Full Techn. Rep. Washington: IUCN, 2007. 213 p.
  3. The Status of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Sea / C. Gabrie, E. Lagabrielle, C. Bissery [et al.]. Ed: MedPAN Collection, 2012. 256 p.
  4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 19, 2015 N 138 ” on approval of the Rules for creating protected zones of certain categories of specially protected natural territories, establishing their borders, determining the regime of protection and use of land plots and water bodies within the borders of such zones» http://base.garant.ru/70873384/#ixzz5 PBz0eEdZ (date of request: 28.08.2018).
  5. “Maritime doctrine of the Russian Federation until 2030″ (approved by the Russian Federation). President of the Russian Federation 26.07.2015) http://fondrosflot.ru›?q…doktriny…federacii-do-2030-goda (date of request: 25.08.2018).
  6. Belich T. V., Sadogursky S. E., Sadogurskaya S. A. The Role of the Cape Martyan nature reserve in the development of marine hydrobotanical research off the coast of Crimea // 40 years of the Cape Martyan nature reserve: materials of the international journal. scientific Conf. (Yalta, may 14-17, 2013). P. 58-65.
  7. Maslov I. I. List of phytobenthos in the water area of the reserve / / Chronicle of nature. 1976 state reserve “Cape Martian”. Yalta, 1976. Book 3. Vol. 1. P. 71-75.
  8. Belich T. V., Maslov I. I. Monitoring of phytobenthos of the pseudolitoral natural reserve “Mys Martyan” / / Creation of the Crimean eco-network for biodiversity conservation: collection of scientific Tr. Yalta, 2001, Vol. 120, P. 158-162.
  9. Maslov I. I. Annotated list of marine macrophytobenthos of the Mys Martyan nature reserve / / Scientific notes of the Mys Martyan nature reserve. 2011. Issue 2. P. 62-71.
  10. Radioecological response of the Black Sea to the Chernobyl accident / G. G. Polikarpov, V. N. Egorov, S. B. Gulin [et al.] / edited by G. G. Polikarpov and V. N. Egorov. Sevastopol: EKOSI-Hydrophysics, 2008. P. 667.
  11. Modern radiological situation associated with the mode of operation of the North Crimean canal / S. B. Gulin, N. Yu. Mirzoeva, G. E. Lazorenko [et al.] / / Radiation biology. Radioecology, 2016, Vol. 56, No. 6, P. 1-8.
  12. Biogeochemical mechanisms of formation of critical zones in the Black sea in relation to pollutants / V. N. Egorov, S. B. Gulin, V. N. Popovichev [et al.] / / Mor. ekologich. zhurn., 2013. Vol.XII, no. 4. P. 5-26.
  13. Biogeochemical characteristics of sedimentation self-purification of Sevastopol Bay from radionuclides, mercury and organochlorine compounds / V. N. Egorov, S. B. Gulin, L. V. Malakhova [et al.] / / Mor.biologiya. journal, 2018, Vol. 3, No. 2, P. 40-52.
  14. Mirzoeva N. Yu. 90Sr and 137Cs in Sevastopol bays after the Chernobyl accident, biogeochemical factors of ecosystem self-purification // Environmental safety of coastal and shelf zones and integrated use of shelf resources: collection of scientific papers. Sevastopol: EKOSI-Hydrophysics. 2013. Issue 27, P. 266-270.
  15. Oliferov A. N., Timchenko Z. V. Rivers and lakes of the Crimea. Simferopol: Dolya, 2005. P. 216.
  16. Lebedev P. PJSC ” Crimean soda plant: features and reviews» http://fb.ru/article/316539/pao-kryimskiy-sodovyiy-zavod-osobennosti-i-otzyivyi (from may 26, 2017), (date of request: 25.08.2018).
  17. Radionuclides and mercury in the salt lakes of the Crimea / N. Mirzoyeva, L. Gulina, S. Gulin [et al.] // Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2015. Vol. 33, No. 6. P. 1413–1425.
  18. Mirzoyeva N.Yu. 90Sr in the ecosystems of saline lakes // Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Series «Biology», 2016. Vol. 9, No. 4. P. 467–483.
  19. Mirzoyeva N.Yu. Artificial radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in the components of the ecosystems of the salt lakes of the Crimea // Journal of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, 2018. Vol. 3, No 1. P. 5–10.
  20. Secondary radioactive contamination of the Black Sea after Chernobyl accident: recent levels, pathways and trends / S.B. Gulin, N.Yu. Mirzoyeva, V.N. Egorov [et al.] // Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2013. Vol. 124. P. 50–56.
  21. Papucci C. Sampling marine sediments for radionuclide monitoring // Strategies and Methodologies for Applied Marine Radioactivity Studies. Training Course, Series №7. Vienna: IAEA, 1997. P. 279–297.
  22. Schafer C.T., Smith J.N., Loring D.H. Recent sedimentation events at the head of Saguenay Fjord, Canada // Environmental Geology, 1980. № 3. P. 139–150.
  23. IAEA.Catalogue for reference mate-rials and intercomparison exercises 1998/
  24. Analytical Quality Control Services. Vienna (Austria): IAEA, 1998. 64 р.
  25. Media: Ukraine has admitted that it stopped supplying water to Crimea (May 13, 2014): http://russian.rt.com/article/31752#ixzz3326g7UHcrussian.rt.com/article/31752 (date of request: 26.08.2018).

Loading