The method of studying microplastics pollution in the beach and bottom sediments of different granulometric composition

N. Sibirtsova1, I.V. Agarkova-Lyakh2

1 The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS, RF, Sevastopol, Nakhimov Av., 2

Email: elenasibircova@yandex.ru

2Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, RF, Sevastopol, Lenin St., 28

Email: elenasibircova@yandex.ru

DOI: 10.33075/2220-5861-2019-1-136-145

UDC 504.054 [551.435.322+504.422]           

Abstract:

   When studying microplastic pollution of bottom and beach sediments, the problem of unification of sampling and processing methods remains an urgent issue, as there is still no uniform system of criteria in this area. For standardization of the applied methods of assessment of microplastic pollution of beach and bottom sediments it is necessary to elaborate the uniform system of criteria. According to the authors of this work, one of the criteria can be the granulometric composition of sediments, which is taken into account only in single works of foreign and domestic researchers.

   The original method of estimating microplastic pollution of beach and bottom sediments is proposed. The method is based on a comprehensive study of the microplastic pollution and the composition of the beach and bottom sediments of the sea coastal zone. The method includes the following steps: selection of the study area, sampling and microplastic analysis of the samples, granulometric analysis of the samples, analysis and interpretation of the data obtained and formulation of final conclusions. The standard scheme of carrying out the granulometric analysis of sediments is adapted for the conditions of possible existence of microplastic particles in samples.

   Currently, this technique is being tested in the coastal zone of the Crimean Peninsula. As the study areas, the beaches of Sevastopol located in bays and on the open coast differing in granular composition of sediments, hydrodynamic regime and experiencing recreational load were selected. In the process of applying the methodology in the field and laboratory conditions, methods of sampling of beach-bottom sediments and their processing for studying the microplastic pollution of the sea coastal zone will be developed and improved.

Кeywords: microplastic, mesoplastic, coastal zone, cone quartering, granulometric composition,  screen test, the Black Sea, the Crimean coast.

Full text in PDF (RUS)

LIST OF REFERENCES

  1. Critchell K., Lambrechts J. Modelling accumulation of marine plastics in the coastal zone: what are the dominant physical properties? // Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2016. V. 171. P. 111–122.
  2. Microplastics in sea water: recommendation from the marine strategy frame work / Gago J., Galgani F., Maes T. [et al.] // Frontiers in marine science.  2016. V. 3 (219). P. 1–6.
  3. Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Ocean / Kanhai L.D.K., Officer R., Lyashevska O. [et al.] // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2017. V. 115. P. 307–314.
  4. A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments / Imhof H.K., Schmid J., Niessner R. [et al.] // Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods. V. 10. P. 524–537.
  5. Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments / Cauwenberghe L.V., Vanreusel A., Mees J. [et al.] // Environ. Pollut. 2013. V. 182. P. 495–499.
  6. New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms / Claessens M., Van Cauwenberghe L., Vandegehuchte M.B. [et al.] // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2013. V. 70. P. 227 –233.
  7. Oigman-Pszczol S.S., Creed J.C. Quantification and classification of marine litter on beaches along Armacao dos Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil // J. Coast. Res. 2007. V. 23. P. 421–428.
  8. Resin pellets from beaches of the Portuguese coast and adsorbed persistent organic pollutants / Antunes J.C., Frias J.G.L., Micaelo A.C. [et al.] // Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2013. V. 130. P. 62–69.
  9. Factors influencing the spatial variation of microplastics on high-tidal coastal beaches in Korea / Kim I.S., Chae D.H., Kim S.K. [et al.] // Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2015. V. 69. P. 299–309.
  10. Distribution and quantity of microplastic on sandy beaches along the northern coast of Taiwan / Kunz A., Walther B.A., Löwemark L. [et al.] // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016. V. 111(1–2). P. 126–135.
  11. On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment / Chubarenko I., Bagaev A., Zobkov M. [et al.] // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016. V. 108 (1–2). P. 105–112.
  12. Esiukova E. Plastic pollution on the Baltic beaches of the Kaliningrad region, Russia // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2017. V. 114 (2). P. 1072–1080.
  13. Blinowskaya Ya. Yu. Yakimenko A. L. Analysis of air pollution in the waters of the Peter the Great Bay (Japanese sea) microplastics // Advances in modern natural science. 2018. No. 1. P. 68–73.
  14. Anthropogenic fibres in the Baltic Sea water column: Field data, laboratory and numerical testing of their motion / Bagaev A., Mizyuk A., Khatmullina L. [et al.] // Science of The Total Environment. 2017. V. 599. P. 560–571.
  15. Sibirtsova E. The Black Sea and microplastics: Sevastopol beaches monitoring / Conference Paper: Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. St.-Peterburg, 2016 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314105559_THE_BLACK_SEA_AND_MICROPLASTICS_SEVASTOPOL_BEACHES_MONITORING (дата обращения: 20.12.2018).
  16. Sibirtsova E. N. Microplastic contamination of the soil of the beaches of Sevastopol in the summer period of 2016-2017 // Ecological safety of the coastal and shelf zones of the sea. 2018. No. 1. P. 64-73.
  17. Andrady A.L. Microplastics in the marine environment // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011. V. 62. P. 1596–1605.
  18. Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the Methods used for identification and quantification / Hidalgo-Ruz V., Gutow L., Thompson R.T. [et al.] // Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012. V. 46. P. 3060–3075.
  19. Löder M.G.J., Gerdts G. Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics – a critical appraisal // Marine anthropogenic litter. Bergmann M, Gutow L, Klages M (eds.). Springer. Cham. 2015. P. 201–227.
  20. Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments / Masura J., Baker J., Foster G. [et al.] // NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R. 2015. 31 p.
  21. Zobkov M., Esiukova E. Microplastics in Baltic Bottom Sediments: quantification procedures and first results // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2017. V. 114 (2). P. 724–732.
  22. Zobkov M. B., Esyukova E. E. Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of methods for selection, preparation and analysis of water samples, bottom sediments and coastal sediments // Oceanology. 2018. Vol. 58, No. 1. Pp. 149-157.
  23. Mahat S. Separation and  quantification  of  Microplastics  from Beach and   Sediment samples using the Bauta microplastic – sediment separator // Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 2017. 51 p.
  24. Jayasiri H.B., Purushothaman C.S., Vennila A. Plastic litter accumulation on high-water strandline of urban beaches in Mumbai, India // Environ. Monit. Assess 2013. V. P. 7709–7719.
  25. Losh S. A proposed method to analyze meso- and microplastic pollution on beaches in Oregon / Oregon State University. 2015. 45 p.
  26. Plastics and microplastics on recreational beaches in Punta del Este (Uruguay): Unseen critical residents? / Lozoya J.P., Teixeira F. de Mello, Carrizo D. [et al.] // Environ. Poll. 2016. V. 218. P. 931–941.
  27. Esukova E. E., Chubarenko I. P. Features of the distribution of the micro-plastic on the sandy beaches of the Kaliningrad region (Baltic sea) // Regional ecology. 2018. No. 1(51). Pp. 108-121.
  28. Microplastics elutriation from sandy sediments: а granulometric approach / Kedzierski M., Tilly V., Bourseau P. [et al.] // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016. V. 107 (1). P. 315–323.
  29. GOST 12536-2014. Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of grain (granulometric) and microaggregate composition. Moscow: STANDARTINFORM, 2015. P. 22.
  30. NOAA. Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-48. 2015. 31 p.
  31. Standardized method for sampling and extraction methods for quantifying microplastics in beach sand / Besley A., Vijver M.G., Behrens P. [et al.] // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016. V. 114 (1). P. 77–83.
  32. GOST 17.1.5.01-80. Nature protection. Hydrosphere. General requirements for sampling bottom sediments of water bodies for analysis for contamination. M.: IPK Publishing house of standards. 2002. P. 7.
  33. GOST 8735-88. Interstate standard. Sand for construction works. M.: STANDARTINFORM. 2000. P. 30.
  34. GOST 12071-2000. Soils. Selection, packaging, transportation and storage of samples. M.: MNTKS. 2000. P. 25.
  35. GOST 25100-2011. Interstate standard. Soils. Classification. M.: MNTKS. 2011. P. 63.
  36. GOST 8269.0-97. Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests. M.: STANDARTINFORM. 2018. P. 63.
  37. PNDF 12.1:2:2.2:2.3:3.2-03. Methodical recommendation. Sampling of soils, soils, bottom sediments, silts, sewage sludge, industrial wastewater sludge, production and consumption waste. M.: STANDARTINFORM. 2014. P. 12.
  38. STP IMBI_028-2016. IMBI enterprise standard 2016. methodology for analysis of meso – and microplastic pollution of marine and coastal ecosystems: sandy and pebble beach soils, various pelagial Horizons, bottom substrates and soft tissues of hydrobionts. Sevastopol. 2016. P. 18.
  39. Practicum on coastal studies: a methodological guide for students of physical geographers / Yu. D. Shuisky, G. V. Vyhovanets, A. B. Murkalov [et al.] / / 2nd ed., reprint. and add. Odessa: Bahva. 2015. P. 104.

Loading