I.V. Agarkova-Lyakh1, K.V. Frolova1, A.M. Lyakh2
1Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, RF, Sevastopol, Lenin St., 28
E-mail: iva_crimea@mail.ru, karin-frolov@mail.ru
2A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, RF, Sevastopol, Nakhimov Av., 2
E–mail: me@antonlyakh.ru
DOI: 10.33075/2220-5861-2022-2-73-83
UDC 551.468.1+574.24 (262.5+477.75)
Abstract:
Coastal plants inhabit the land-sea contact zone, where shores are formed and periodically flooded. The environmental conditions in a coastal zone can be described by the following characteristics: salinination of all environments, high insolation and intense evaporation, aridity, lack of soil cover, low nutrient capacity and high dynamics of coastal sediments. It is found that among ecological factors, sea water has the greatest influence on plant life as a factor of salination and high mobility of coastal sediments.
The following families and species have the highest occurrence on the Black Sea coast of Crimea: 1) Poaceae: Phragmites australis, Leymus racemosus, genus Elytrigia; 2) Brassicaceae: genus Crambe; 3) Papaveraceae: Glaucium flavum; 4) Apiaceae: Crithmum maritimum, Eryngium maritimum; 5) Chenopodiaceae: genus Halimione and genus Atriplex; 6) Asteraceae: Artemisia santonicum.
Generalization and analysis of adaptations of 40 genera from 19 families of coastal vegetation allowed us to divide them into groups according to the following features: external and internal structure of the leaf, features of the root system, reproduction, habitus, duration of the flowering period. The greatest diversity of adaptations is related to salination, high insolation and evaporation, and sediments mobility. Similar adaptations are observed on different types of shores, so there is no direct correlation between the types of adaptations and their confinement to abrasional, accumulative, or abrasional-accumulative shores. The mechanisms of adaptation are determined by the species of the plant. Based on the frequency of species occurrence, we can talk about the dominance of biomorphological adaptations of external and internal structure of the leaf, the type of root system and reproduction among the plants of the Black Sea coast of Crimea.
Keywords: coastal vegetation, salination, Black Sea shores of Crimea, accumulative and abrasion shores, biomorphological adaptations.
To quote:
REFERENCES
- . Burundukova O.L., Neupokoeva E.V., and Probatova N.S. Galofity morskih poberezhij juga Dal’nego Vostoka: anatomo-fiziologicheskie aspekty adaptacii (Halophytes of the Seashores of the South of the Far East: Anatomical and Physiological Aspects of Adaptation). Zhivotnyj i rastitel’nyj mir Dal’nego Vostoka, 1997, No. 3, pp. 210–215.
- Voronkova N.M., Burkovskaja E.V., Bezdeleva T.A., and Burundukova O.L. Morfologicheskie i biologicheskie osobennosti rastenij v svjazi s adaptaciej k uslovijam morskih poberezhij (Morphological and biological features of plants in relation to adaptation to seashore conditions). Jekologija, 2008, No. 1, pp. 3–9.
- Shibneva S.Ju. Ontomorfogenez nekotoryh rastenij supralitorali (Ontomorphogenesis of some plants of the supralittorali). Bjulleten’ Botanicheskogo sada – Instituta DVO RAN, 2010, No. 5, pp. 170–175.
- Levenec I.R. and Pokrovskaja N.V. Biomorfologicheskie osobennosti sosudistyh rastenij supralitorali Primorskogo kraja (Biomorphological features of vascular plants of Primorsky Krai supralittoralis). Vestnik KrasGAU, 2016, No. 11, pp. 85–90.
- Rjabkova O.I. and Gerb M.A. Sovremennoe sostojanie morskih beregov Kaliningradskoj oblasti i biologicheskie mery zashhity ot ih razrushenija (Current state of sea shores of the Kaliningrad region and biological protection measures against their destruction). Materialy XXVII Mezhdunarodnoj beregovoj konferencii “Arkticheskie berega: put’ k ustojchivosti”. (Proc. XXVII International Coastal Conference “Arctic shores: the path to sustainability”), 2018, pp. 265–268.
- Rozema J., Bijwaard P., Prast G., and Broekman R. Ecophysiological adaptations of coastal halophytes from foredunes and salt marshes. Vegetatio, 1985, No. 62, pp. 499–521.
- Maun M.A. Adaptations of plants to burial in coastal sand dunes. Canadian Journal of Botany, 2011, No. 76(5), pp. 713–738. DOI: 10.1139/b98-058
- Flowers T.J. and Colmer T.D. Plant salt tolerance: Adaptations in halophytes. Ann. Bot, 2015, No. 115, pp. 327–331.
- Korzhenevskij V.V. and Kljukin A.A. Rastitel’nost’ bedlendov Kryma (Vegetation of the Crimean poorlands). Jekologija, 1989, No. 6, pp. 26–33.
- Korzhenevskij V.V. and Kljukin A.A. Rastitel’nost’ abrazionnyh i akkumuljativnyh form rel’efa morskih poberezhij i ozer Kryma (Vegetation of abrasion and accumulative landforms of seashores and lakes of Crimea). Dep, Jalta: NBS, 1990, 108 p.
- Korzhenevskaja Ju.V. Akkumuljacionno-denudacionnye processy kak faktor cenozoobrazovanija (Na primere nekotoryh rastitelnykh soobshhestv Kryma): Diss. kand. biol. nauk (Accumulation-denudation processes as the factor of formation of cenoses (By the example of some plant communities of the Crimea), 1999, 19 p.
- Edigarjan A.A. Struktura flory primorskih landshaftov abrazionnyh beregov Krymskogo poluostrova (The structure of the flora of seaside landscapes of abrasion shores of the Crimean Peninsula). Bjulleten’ GNBS, 2008, No. 96, pp. 5–8.
- Mil’chakova N.A., Aleksandrov V.V., Bondareva L.V., Pankeeva T.V., and Chernysheva E.B. Morskie ohranjaemye akvatorii Kryma (Marine protected areas of the Crimea). Nauchnyj spravochnik. N. Orianda, 2015, 312 p.
- Bondareva L.V. Rastitel’nost’ pribrezhnoj zony Geraklejskogo poluostrova (Vegetation of the coastal zone of the Heraclea Peninsula). Sbornik nauchnyh trudov GNBS, 2019, Vol. 149, pp. 41–54.
- Krylenko S.V. and Lukinyh A.I. Morfologicheskie adaptacii rastenij k obitaniyu v usloviyah abrazionnyh beregov (Morphological adaptations of plants to habitation in the conditions of abrasion shores). Morya Rossii: fundamental’nye i prikladnye issledovaniya. Tezisy dokladov Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii. (Seas of Russia: fundamental and applied research. Abstracts of the All-Russian Scientific Conference), Sevastopol, 2019, pp. 218–220.
- Pikalova N.A. and Krylenko V.V. Cenoflora beregovoj zony massiva Tuaphat (Cenoflora of the coastal zone of the Tuaphat massive). Materialy I Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii “Aktual’nye problemy geoekologii i prirodopol’zovaniya”. (Proc. of the I All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of geoecology and nature management”), Krasnodar. 2020, pp. 143–146.
- Lukinyh A.I. and Krylenko S.V. Sosudistye rastenija abrazionnogo berega severo-zapadnoj chasti chernomorskogo poberezh’ja Kavkaza (Vascular plants of the abrasion shore of the northwestern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus). Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal gumanitarnyh i estestvennyh nauk, 2020, No. 7-1(46), pp. 5–14.
- Krylenko S.V. and Lukinyh A.I. Harakteristiki sostava rastitel’nosti abrazionnogo berega severo-zapadnoj chasti chernomorskogo poberezh’ja Kavkaza (Characteristics of the vegetation composition of the abrasion shore of the northwestern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus). Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta, Nauki o Zemle, 2021, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 16–26.
- https://www.plantarium.ru
- http://www.theplantlist.org
- Agarkova-Ljah I.V. Paragenetichni landshaftni kompleksi beregovoi zoni morja (na prikladi chornomors’kogo uzberezhzhja Krimu): Diss. kand. geogr. nauk (Paragenetic landscape complexes of the coastal zone of the sea (on the application of the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Synopsis of Cand. geogr. sci. thesis)), Simferopol’, 2006, 21 p.