A comprehensive approach to toxicity assessment of organic substances determinated as secondary materials

by

A.V. Smirnov, M.I. Semenova, A.S. Kovalevskaya, O.V. Smolova

 St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University “LETI”, RF, St. Petersburg, Professor Popov St., 5

E-mail: swsilv@gmail.com

DOI: 10.33075/2220-5861-2023-1-77-88

UDC 574.474:504.73.05/.06                                                                                            

Abstract:

   This article focuses on the need for a comprehensive approach to the analysis of toxicity by a method of biotesting of wastes which are determinated as organic substances. According to the literature review, a number of justifications were formulated, according to which the approved biotesting methods can distort or give an incomplete picture of toxicity of the analyzed objects with a high content of organic compounds.

   According to the formulated problem, experiments were carried out to determine the toxicity of such wastes as: elements of crystalline solar panels Eva and Tedlar, chicken manure and sodium lignosulfonate. These objects are organic compounds, and the importance of assessing their toxicity is due to the value of the wastes as recyclables. The toxicity of the solar panel components was assessed by the chemotactic reaction of ciliates Paramecium caudatum. In this study, the analysis of the factors of temperature, exposure time and the use of mineral water and 1% acetone solution as extractants was carried out. Using the results obtained, significant relationships between the effects of these factors on the resulting toxicity were established. When studying chicken manure and sodium lignosulfonate, the problem of the expediency of using test objects for a specific type of the analyzed environment was considered. As test objects and analysis methods, analysis of the chemotactic reaction of ciliates Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena pyriformis, analysis of changes in the optical density of algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer were used. Based on the data obtained, sensitivity series of test objects were constructed for each of the analyzed objects.

Keywords: Toxicity, biotesting, Paramecium caudatum, Chlorella vulgaris, Tetrahymena pyriformis, sample preparation.

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